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D- 95-08: Phytosanitary import requirements for fresh temperate fruits and tree nuts

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Effective date: August 1, 2019
7th revision

Subject

This directive provides the phytosanitary import requirements for fresh temperate fruit and tree nuts.

The following change has been made as part of this revision:

This document supersedes all previous versions of directive D-95-08.

On this page

1.0 Legislative authority

2.0 Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms

Definitions of terms used in this document can be found in the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures 5: Glossary of phytosanitary terms or the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA's) Plant Health Glossary of Terms.

3.0 Introduction

The importation of fresh temperate fruits and tree nuts is regulated by the CFIA to prevent the introduction and spread of plant pests that can cause significant economic and environmental damage to the Canadian plant resource base including agriculture, forestry and the environment. Phytosanitary import requirements for fresh temperate fruits and tree nuts are provided herein.

4.0 Scope

4.1 Regulated pests

Appendix 3 provides a list of pests that are of particular concern, as they are known to pose a risk to Canada and can be carried with fresh temperate fruits or tree nuts. This list is not exhaustive.

See the List of pests regulated by Canada.

Note: The CFIA may take action on articles found to be infested with pests of potential quarantine concern even if they are not yet included on this list.

4.2 Regulated articles

The regulated articles include all temperate fresh fruits and tree nuts. For examples of regulated species, see Appendix 1.

Note: These articles may also be subject to other requirements in addition to those within the scope of this directive. Please consult the list of all Plant Health directives or the CFIA's Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) for more information.

4.3 Articles outside the scope of this directive

Note: Requirements for these articles may exist in other directives. Please consult the list of all Plant Health directives or the CFIA's Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) for more information.

4.4 Regulated areas

All countries

5.0 General requirements

All material must be free from soil, soil-related matter, plant debris and quarantine pests.

Containers must be new or cleaned in a manner that addresses risks from regulated plant pests and removes all organic matter, soil and/or soil-related matter.

Material from foreign countries entering Canada via a third country must meet the same phytosanitary requirements as shipments that are imported directly into Canada.

Note: This directive describes only the phytosanitary requirements related to fresh temperate fruit and tree nuts. Other requirements may also apply. Please consult the list of Plant Health directives and the CFIA's Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) or contact the CFIA for details.

5.1 Commodities and origins that are currently approved for import

Appendix 1 summarizes the phytosanitary import requirements for fresh temperate fruits and tree nuts and provides references to more detailed import requirements. These detailed requirements are either in Appendix 2 of this directive or in various other Plant Health directives. In some cases, these detailed requirements may reference the fumigation and/or cold treatment schedules provided in Appendix 4 of this directive.

All shipments must be free from quarantine pests, soil, soil-related matter, roots, leaves (unless previously approved by the CFIA), branches, and other plant debris. Material is subject to inspection upon arrival in Canada.

5.2 New products from new origins

The CFIA regulates the importation of plants for planting, fresh fruit and other plant products to prevent the introduction and spread of plant pests of quarantine concern to Canada. Quarantine pests are plant pests which could cause significant damage to Canada's agriculture, forestry and/or environment and which do not currently occur in Canada or, if they do, are not widely distributed and are under official control. Until the pest risk has been evaluated and phytosanitary requirements have been identified and put into place to manage the risk, the CFIA will not authorize the importation of plants, fruits and vegetables which may be a pathway for quarantine plant pests.

Pest risk analysis (PRA) is an internationally recognized process that the CFIA uses to evaluate the pest risk posed by a specific organism or by a specific commodity originating from a specified PRA area. This PRA process may be triggered by many different situations, including a proposal to import a commodity that has not previously been imported or a commodity from a new place of origin. The CFIA considers these commodities "Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis" (NAPPRA) and a PRA must be completed prior to importation. Most plant products (many fruits and all plants for planting) and new origins are considered NAPPRA until importation is first authorized (e.g. by issuing a Permit to Import). If new information becomes available indicating there are unassessed risks associated with the product or origin, the product may be returned to the NAPPRA category.

For more information please see Pest Risk Analysis: New fruits, vegetables and plants from new countries of origin.

For some products, a systems approach may be the most appropriate phytosanitary risk management option; see Systems approach for production of plant products.

5.3 Trial importation period

Newly approved importations may be subject to a trial importation period to evaluate the effectiveness of the phytosanitary measures and to ensure that Canada's phytosanitary import requirements are consistently met.

All material that has been authorized entry into Canada under a trial period requires a Permit to Import issued by the CFIA. The Canadian importer must obtain the Permit to Import before the consignment leaves the country of origin. The Permit to Import authorizes the importation of commercial consignments of a particular fresh fruit from a particular country of origin under the conditions of a trial period and describes the general import requirements:

The National Import Service Center will issue a Notice to Importer for each consignment imported under a trial period to ensure that the CFIA is notified of the arrival of the shipment. When an importer receives a Notice to Importer, they are required to contact their local CFIA office to arrange for inspection and may not sell or distribute the material until they have received direction from the CFIA. During the trial period, 100% of the imported shipments are subject to inspection by CFIA. The trial period may be suspended at any time if potential quarantine pests are discovered or if other import requirements are not met.

The length of an individual trial period is dependent on the number, timing and volume of shipments entering Canada. The trial period will be extended until the CFIA has sufficient data to evaluate the phytosanitary measures that have been put in place.

If the trial shipments consistently meet Canada's import requirements throughout the trial period, the trial period can be concluded and trade normalized. The requirement for a Permit to Import may be removed and the rate of inspection at the port of entry will be reduced.

A list of trial importation periods currently in effect is available in Appendix 5.

6.0 Non-compliance

Imported articles may be inspected by the CFIA and must meet all requirements when reaching their first point of arrival in Canada. Articles that are found to be infested with pests of quarantine concern or are otherwise non-compliant will be refused entry to Canada, and may be ordered removed from the country or destroyed. Infested articles may be ordered treated prior to disposal to prevent the spread of pests.

The importer is responsible for all costs relating to treatment, disposal or removal of the articles, including costs incurred by the CFIA to monitor the action taken.

The CFIA will advise the National Plant Protection Organization of the country of origin and/or re-export of any non-compliance as per directive D-01-06: Canadian phytosanitary policy for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action.

7.0 References

7.1 Fees

The CFIA charges fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice. For information regarding fees, please contact your local CFIA office or visit the CFIA's Fees Notice website.

8.0 Appendices

Appendix 1: Summary of phytosanitary import requirements for temperate fresh fruit and tree nuts approved for entry into Canada

See Appendix 1: Summary of phytosanitary import requirements for temperate fresh fruit and tree nuts approved for entry into Canada

Appendix 2: Detailed phytosanitary import requirements for certain fresh fruit and tree nuts

2.1 Fresh stone fruit other than cherries (Prunus spp. other than P. avium and P. cerasus) from Spain

One of the following options must be met:

  1. Production under a systems approach

    Fruit must be produced, stored, and packed according to the requirements of Sanidad Vegetal's official program for export of stone fruit other than cherries (Prunus spp. other than P. avium and P. cerasus) to Canada. Under this program, fruit must originate from growers that have been approved by Sanidad Vegetal to export stone fruit to Canada and who have complied with all the requirements for monitoring and control of following pests:

    • Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix)
    • Amphitetranychus viennensis (=Tetranychus viennenis) (hawthorn spider mite)
    • Cydia funebrana (plum fruit moth)
    • Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth) – for fruit destined to British Columbia only
    • Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth)
    • Monilinia fructigena (brown rot)
    • Rhagoletis cerasi (European cherry fruit fly)

    Fruit must be stored and packed by facilities approved by Sanidad Vegetal for handling stone fruit for export to Canada. Fruit must also be sampled and inspected according to specified procedures.

    The phytosanitary certificate must show the following additional declaration:

    • fruit destined to British Columbia:
      "The material was produced under an official pest management program and is free of Adoxophyes orana, Cydia funebrana, Grapholita molesta, Monilinia fructigena, Rhagoletis cerasi, and Amphitetranychus viennensis, and Lobesia botrana."
    • fruit destined to provinces other than British Columbia:
      "The material was produced under an official pest management program and is free of Adoxophyes orana, Cydia funebrana, Monilinia fructigena, Rhagoletis cerasi, and Amphitetranychus viennensis, and Lobesia botrana."

    or

  2. Post-harvest treatment

    1. For Adoxophyes orana, Cydia funebrana, Grapholita molesta (for fruit destined to British Columbia only), Lobesia botrana, Rhagoletis cerasi, and Amphitetranychus viennensis (=Tetranychus viennenis): Fumigation with methyl bromide as per Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

      and

    2. For Monilinia fructigena: Treatment with sodium hypochlorite using a "hydrocooling" rain system with dosages of 20 to 100 ppm available chlorine for a minimum of 8 minutes

    The phytosanitary certificate must show the treatment details.

2.2 Fresh apples (Malus spp.) from the People's Republic of China

The apples must originate from orchards in the People's Republic of China (PRC) approved for export to Canada by the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ). Each approved Chinese province must develop a systems approach, provide training and regularly conduct audits of all approved facilities under its jurisdiction. All activities undertaken at the orchards and packing houses under the systems approach must be described in a manual signed by the responsible facilities' management officials. This document should be made available upon request to the CFIA for audit purposes.

Approved orchards and packing houses must be given a code number by the AQSIQ. A list of these approved facilities' code numbers must be maintained by the AQSIQ and made available to the CFIA upon request.

The apples must be:

The packing houses must be clean and maintained free of pests, soil, plant debris and discarded or infested fruit.

The packing houses must be cleaned prior to packing if fruit for the domestic or other export markets has been packed prior to the packing of fruit for export to Canada. No other fruit should be in the packing house at the time of packing.

The fruit must be safeguarded from contamination from orchards or other crops in the vicinity during packing, loading and transportation.

The pest control program must be effective against all of the following regulated pests:

In addition, one of the following options must be met:

Phytosanitary certificate

The name and code number of the approved orchard and the shipping container number must appear on the phytosanitary certificate.

2.3 Fresh apples (Malus spp.) from Japan

There are three options for certifying apples from Japan for export to Canada:

  1. Apples were treated post-harvest, as per Treatment Schedule 1 or Treatment Schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. Treatment details must be included on the phytosanitary certificate.
  2. Apples were "bagged" while developing on the tree. Cultural practices and chemical controls were applied to the apple orchards in accordance with Japan's Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) area-wide pest management recommendations. The "bagged" apples were inspected and sorted post-harvest. Any apples with torn or loose bags shall not be exported under Option 2 and may only be exported under Option 1. The phytosanitary certificate must contain the following additional declaration:

    "The fruit in this shipment was bagged while developing on the tree and has been inspected and found free of Adoxophyes orana, Amphitetranychus viennensis, Carposina sasakii, Conogethes punctiferalis, Grapholita dimorpha, Grapholita inopinata, Grapholita molesta, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia mali, Monilinia polystroma, Spilonota spp. and Stathmopoda auriferella."
  3. Apples were produced in accordance with the MAFF-CFIA Systems Approach for Apples from Japan. Exporting apple orchards, packing facilities and storage facilities shall be approved and registered by Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). The systems approach includes the following elements: surveillance confirming low prevalence of regulated pests in registered orchards; pest control; fruit sorting/grading; post-harvest measures; traceability; safeguards to prevent contamination with regulated pests and tampering; traceability; sampling; inspecting and export certification. The phytosanitary certificate must include the following additional declaration:

    "The fruit in this consignment meets the requirements of the MAFF-CFIA Systems Approach for Fresh Apples from Japan to Canada and was inspected and found free from Adoxophyes orana, Amphitetranychus viennensis, Carposina sasakii, Conogethes punctiferalis, Grapholita dimorpha, Grapholita inopinata, Grapholita molesta, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia mali, Monilinia polystroma, Spilonota spp. and Stathmopoda auriferella."

2.4 Fresh apples (Malus spp.) from the Republic of Korea

Note: Please refer to section 2.7 of the present appendix for the monitoring program for tetranychid mites in Korean orchards exporting fruits to Canada.

Fresh apples must originate from orchards in the Republic of Korea approved for export to Canada by the National Plant Quarantine Service of the Republic of Korea:

The apples must be appropriately inspected, packed, stored and transported, including all of the following:

In addition, the apples must either:

Phytosanitary certificate

2.5 Fresh pears (Pyrus spp.) from the People's Republic of China (Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and Xinjiang Provinces)

The pears must originate from orchards in the People's Republic of China (PRC) approved for export to Canada by the NPPO of the PRC. Each approved Chinese province must develop a systems approach, provide training and regularly conduct audits of all approved facilities under its jurisdiction. All activities undertaken at the orchards and packing houses under the systems approach must be described in a manual signed by the responsible facilities' management officials. This document should be made available upon request to the CFIA for audit purposes.

Approved orchards and packing houses must be given a code number by the NPPO of the PRC. A list of these approved facilities' code numbers must be maintained by the NPPO of the PRC and made available to the CFIA upon request.

The pears must be:

The packing houses must be clean and maintained free of pests, soil, plant debris and discarded or infested fruit.

The packing houses must be cleaned prior to packing if fruit for the domestic or other export markets has been packed prior to the packing of fruit for export to Canada. No other fruit should be in the facility at the time of packing.

The pears must be safeguarded from contamination from orchards or other crops in the vicinity during packing, loading and transportation.

A minimum of 2% of the packed fruit cartons in the consignment shall be inspected by a representative of China Inspection and Quarantine (CIQ) in order to certify fruit for export to Canada.

The shipping container number(s) must be stated on the phytosanitary certificate in addition to the code number (and name if available) of the approved orchard from which the pears originated.

The pest control program must be effective against all of the regulated pests pests present in that province, as indicated by "Check". Pests marked with an "X" are absent from the province and do not require specific control measures:

Regulated pests organized by approved province
Pest name PRC, province of Hebei PRC, province of Shandong PRC, province of Shanxi PRC, province of Xinjiang
Acrobasis pirivorella Check Check Check X
Adoxophyes orana Check Check Check X
Alternaria gaisen Check Check Check X
Amphitetranychus viennensis Check Check Check Check
Aphanostigma iaksuiense Check Check Check Check
Cacopsylla chinensis Check Check Check Check
Cacopsylla liaoli Check Check Check X
Carposina sasakii Check Check Check Check
Conogethes punctiferalis Check Check Check X
Euzophera pyriella X X Check Check
Grapholita inopinata Check Check Check Check
Grapholita molesta Check Check Check Check
Leucoptera malifoliella Check X Check X
Monilia yunnanensis Check Check Check Check
Monilinia fructigena Check Check Check Check
Monilinia polystroma Check Check X X
Spilonota albicana Check Check Check X
Tetranychus truncatus Check Check Check Check
Venturia nashicola Check Check Check X
Packaging requirements

Each carton (box) of pears shall be:

Only pears from approved orchards and packing houses can be imported into Canada.

2.6 Fresh pears (Pyrus spp.) from Japan

Regulated pests
A. Registration requirements
  1. Pear orchards, packing facilities and storage facilities must be approved and registered by Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) in order to participate in the Export Program for Japanese Pears to Canada.
  2. A list of registered orchards, packing facilities and storage facilities must be provided to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) on request.
B. Surveillance and pest control requirements
  1. MAFF agrees to carry out area-wide pest surveillance for each of the regulated pests listed above and use this information to forecast pest pressure and make area-wide pest management recommendations. Registered orchards must control insect and disease pests in accordance with these MAFF recommendations.
  2. Surveillance for each of the pests of quarantine concern to Canada must also be carried out in each registered orchard on a weekly basis. Surveillance must be carried out by competent individuals using technically justified methods that have been approved by MAFF. Surveillance records must be kept and must be available to MAFF and CFIA upon request.
  3. Additional cultural and/or chemical controls may be required, depending on the results of the orchard-level surveillance.
  4. MAFF agrees to inspect each registered orchard to verify that all the requirements of the Export Program for Japanese Pears to Canada are met and to verify pest freedom or low pest prevalence for regulated pests.
  5. Orchards which do not maintain pest freedom or low pest prevalence for the regulated pests to Canada must be deregistered and may not export for the remainder of the current production season.
C. Packing, grading and sorting
  1. Each packing facility must have at least one technical expert that has been trained by MAFF, who can identify pests of concern to Canada. This person must be responsible for the grading and sorting processes at the packing facility.
  2. Packing facilities must maintain the identity of the fruit and be able to trace it back to the production orchard.
  3. The structure of the packing facility must prevent the entry of pests.
  4. Packaging material must be new, clean and free of pests.
  5. The packing facility and storage areas must be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
  6. The facility and grading/sorting/packing equipment must be cleaned and disinfected prior to packing fruit for export to Canada.
  7. Appropriate lighting and equipment must be used when sorting and inspecting fruit for freedom from regulated pests.
  8. Grading and sorting processes must be effective at identifying and removing infested fruit and other defective fruit.
  9. Appropriate post-harvest measures may be used to remove any residual mites from the fruit (e.g. the use of air guns).
  10. Infested fruits and culls must be disposed of promptly and in a manner that mitigates potential pest risk.
  11. Fruit that is eligible for export to Canada must be segregated from all other fruit during grading, packing, storage and transport.
  12. Fruit must be safeguarded from contamination by pests during packing, loading, and transportation.
  13. Cartons must clearly indicate the product name, country and region of origin, packing facility number, registered orchard and lot number. Product must be traceable to the orchard and packing facility.
  14. Consignments must be wrapped or sealed in a manner to ensure the product is safeguarded and protected from contamination.
  15. Each package or pallet in the consignment must be clearly labelled as fresh pears produced in Japan and destined "For Canada".
D. Export certification
  1. Pears must be visually inspected by MAFF and verified to be free of regulated pests to Canada, practically free of other pests, and free of soil, leaves, twigs and plant debris.
  2. If MAFF finds any regulated pest on the fruit during final product inspection, the fruit may not be exported to Canada and the orchard must be disqualified from shipping for the remainder of the season.
  3. A phytosanitary certificate is required and must include the following additional declaration:

    "The fruit in this consignment meets the requirements of the Export Program for Japanese Pears to Canada and was inspected and found free from Alternaria gaisen, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia polystroma, Venturia nashicola, Acrobasis pirivorella, Adoxophyes orana fasciata, Aphanostigma iaksuiense, Carposina sasakii, Conogethes punctiferalis, Grapholita inopinata, Grapholita molesta, Spilonota spp., Amphitetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus truncatus."

2.7 Fresh Asian pears (Pyrus pyrifolia) from the Republic of Korea

The pears must originate from orchards in the Republic of Korea approved to export to Canada by the National Plant Quarantine Service of the Republic of Korea, where:

The production system must ensure that the pears produced are free from the following quarantine pests:

The pears must be:

Phytosanitary certificate

The phytosanitary certificate must include the following additional declaration:

Monitoring program for tetranychid mites in Korean orchards exporting fruits to Canada
1. Monitoring authority

The National Plant Quarantine Service of the Republic of Korea

2. Number of orchards to be monitored

All exporting orchards must be individually surveyed, as different species may be prevalent in different orchards at different times.

3. Monitoring period and frequency

The mite monitoring shall be conducted twice a year in total during the field inspection period – once around June and July after the bagging and another before harvest. The final sampling must be carried out as close as possible to harvest time but while male mites are still present, to permit species identification, i.e., approximately one week prior to harvest. The date for the final monitoring will vary according to the harvest time for the variety, e.g., approximately mid-September for golden pears and late October for Shingo pears. Monitoring should be conducted when mites are most likely to be present. For example, sampling should be conducted before spraying and irrigating, rather than immediately following. Sampling should be conducted close to the time when the mite population peaks in April and September as well as before and after the monsoon rains, rather than during the monsoon rains.

4. Number of trees and leaves to be sampled for each exporting orchard
Number of trees:

A minimum of ten (10) trees should be sampled per exporting orchard of 1.5 hectares or less with ten (10) additional trees being sampled for each additional 1.5 hectares. For example, sample ten (10) trees in an orchard that is 1.5 hectares or smaller, 20 trees in an orchard that is 1.5 to 3.0 hectares, etc. Because phytophagus mite distribution is not uniform, two trees should be sampled near every corner of each plot, and two trees near or at the centre of the plot.

Leaf collection:

For each tree sampled, ten (10) leaves should be collected randomly at shoulder height while walking around the circumference of the tree. The leaves should be collected from the flower cluster at the beginning of the season and the fruit cluster later in the season. If suckers have not been physically removed, 20% of the leaf samples may be obtained from the suckers. Leaf samples should not be taken from the tip of branches as it is unlikely that mites will be found there. The leaves from each tree should be placed in an individual paper bag, labelled, stapled shut and placed immediately in a cooler or refrigerator that is cooled to approximately 4°C.

Mite collection and identification:

The collected leaves should be examined for mites within 24 hours of collection. It is suggested that just prior to examination the leaves should be placed in a freezer for five minutes in order to slow down mite activity. All leaves should be examined under a dissection microscope and all tetranychid adults removed with a brush and placed in individual vials containing 70-75% alcohol for later species identification. Several males and several females (preferably ten [10] of each sex) from each vial should be mounted on slides, examined under a compound microscope and identified by a mite specialist (taxonomist). Identification in the field with a hand lens or by a dissection scope is not acceptable.

5. Measures after monitoring

Orchards found with a quarantine mite at any time during the season must be excluded from the list of orchards designated for export to Canada.

6. Reporting

In the event of discovery of any mites of concern to Canada, a report on the monitoring must be submitted to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency at the address below:

Horticulture
59 Camelot Drive
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0Y9

The report should clearly identify each affected orchard and clearly indicate the species of mite found each time monitoring took place, the dates of monitoring, the dates of spraying, and the name of the compounds used for the spray. The report should also indicate the dates when the mite population peaked and the dates the monsoon rains occurred in the province. The number of specimens of each species found is not required. If there are any concerns regarding the report, the CFIA may require Korea to suspend shipments until any concerns have been rectified.

For auditing purposes, the CFIA reserves the right to request a report of all sampling results and sampling activities conducted under this program.

2.8 Fresh grapes (Vitis spp.) from India

The grapes must be commercially produced.

The vineyards and packing houses must be registered by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of India to export fresh grapes to Canada.

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The NPPO of India must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the registered packing house and registered production vineyard.

The grapes must originate from vineyards in India approved to export to Canada by the NPPO of India, where cultural practices and chemical controls are carried out to ensure freedom from the following regulated pests:

Indian stakeholders involved in producing, grading, packing and shipping grapes to Canada must be familiar with Canada's import requirements and have processes in place to ensure that grapes from non-registered vineyards are not shipped to Canada and that exported grapes are free of the pests regulated by Canada.

Adequate pest exclusion measures should be implemented to prevent contamination of the grapes by quarantine pests during harvest, post-harvest handling and shipping.

A minimum of 2% of the packed fruit cartons must be inspected by the NPPO of India in order to certify fruit for export to Canada.

Grower lots found infested with the pests listed above must be rejected for shipment to Canada, and the corresponding production vineyard must be prohibited from exporting grapes to Canada for the remainder of the shipping season.

A phytosanitary certificate is required and must include the following additional declaration:

"The fruit in this consignment was produced under a systems approach and was inspected and found free from Coniella diplodiella, Conogethes punctiferalis, Monilinia fructigena and Nippoptilia vitis."

2.9 Fresh apples and crabapples (Malus spp.) from Uruguay

Destined to B.C.:

One of the following options must be met:

  1. The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. A phytosanitary certificate is required, showing the treatment details and including the following additional declaration:
    "The fruit in this shipment has been treated to kill Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta)."

    or

  2. If the fruit has been grown under a certification program, a phytosanitary certificate showing the following additional declaration is required: "The fruit was produced under a pest management program and is free of Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta)."
Destinations other than B.C.:

A phytosanitary certificate is required.

2.10 Fresh stone fruit (Prunus spp.) from Australia

Destined to British Columbia:

The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

A phytosanitary certificate is required. The phytosanitary certificate must show the treatment details and list the following additional declaration:
"This consignment was inspected and found free of any living stage of the light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), the Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) and the codling moth (Cydia pomonella)."

Destinations other than British Columbia:

The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 6 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

A phytosanitary certificate is required. The phytosanitary certificate must show the treatment details.

2.11 Fresh stone fruit (Prunus spp.) from South Africa

Destined to British Columbia:

The fruits must originate from orchards in South Africa where cultural practices and chemical controls are carried out to ensure freedom from codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta).

The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

A phytosanitary certificate is required. The phytosanitary certificate must show the treatment details.

Destinations other than British Columbia:

A phytosanitary certificate is required.

2.12 Fresh grapes (Vitis spp.) from Greece

Grapes must originate from vineyards where cultural practices, chemical controls and post-harvest inspection and grading are carried out to ensure freedom from the regulated pests listed below.

The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 9 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. A phytosanitary certificate showing the treatment details is required.

The phytosanitary certificate must also include the following additional declaration:
"The fruit in this shipment has been inspected and found free of all living stages of white rot (Coniella diplodiella), anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina) and phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola) and has been fumigated with methyl bromide for control of European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) and European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana)."

2.13 Fresh grapes (Vitis spp.) from the Republic of Korea (South Korea)

A phytosanitary certificate is required.

One of the following options must be met:

  1. The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. The phytosanitary certificate must show the treatment details.

    or

  2. The grapes must originate from vineyards in South Korea approved to export to Canada by the National Plant Protection Organization of South Korea, where cultural practices and chemical controls are carried out to ensure freedom from the following regulated pests:

    • Aleurolobus vitis (grape whitefly)
    • Conogethes punctiferalis (yellow peach moth)
    • Eulecanium kunoense (Kuno scale)
    • Eupoecilia ambiguella (European grape berry moth)
    • Guignardia baccae (black rot of grape)
    • Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)
    • Monilinia fructigena (brown fruit rot)
    • Nippoptilia vitis (grape plume moth)
    • Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips)

2.14 Fresh grapes (Vitis spp.) from Uruguay

The grapes must originate from vineyards approved for export to Canada by the Dirección General de Servicios Agrícolas of Uruguay where cultural practices and chemical controls are carried out to ensure freedom from the quarantine fungal pests listed below.

The fruit must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

A phytosanitary certificate is required. The phytosanitary certificate must contain the following additional declaration:
"The material was inspected and found free of anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola), white rot (Coniella diplodiella) and treated to kill fruit tree weevil (Naupactus xanthographus)."

2.15 Fresh grapes (Vitis spp.) from Japan

A phytosanitary certificate is required.

The shipment must be inspected at origin by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Japan. No additional declaration is required but certification is based on freedom from:

One of the following options must be met:

  1. The grapes must originate from vineyards in Japan approved to export to Canada by the NPPO of Japan and where cultural practices and chemical controls are carried out to ensure freedom from the regulated pests listed above.

    or

  2. The grapes must be fumigated according to Treatment schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. The phytosanitary certificate must show the treatment details.

2.16 Fresh apples (Malus spp.) from Poland

The apples must be produced under a systems approach, also known as an "integrated production system" in Poland. The measures used in the systems approach must be sufficient to ensure that the apples are free from pests regulated by Canada, and in particular:

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Poland must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the packing house and production orchard.

Polish stakeholders involved in producing, grading, packing and shipping apples to Canada must know Canada's import requirements and have processes in place to ensure the apples are free of pests regulated by Canada.

Apples must be inspected by the NPPO of Poland in order to certify fruit for export to Canada. Apples must be inspected in accordance with the inspection schedule of the NPPO of Poland:
Number of cartons in shipment Minimum number of cartons inspected
up to 50 4
up to 100 5
over 100 5 cartons for the first 100 cartons, plus 2 cartons per additional 100 cartons

The phytosanitary certificate must include the following additional declaration:
"This shipment has been inspected and found free of all life stages of any pests regulated by Canada."

2.17 Fresh pears (Pyrus spp.) from Belgium

The pears must be produced under a systems approach. The measures used in the systems approach must be sufficient to ensure that the pears are free from pests regulated by Canada, and in particular:

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Belgium must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the packing house and production orchard.

Belgian stakeholders involved in producing, grading, packing and shipping pears to Canada must know Canada's import requirements and have processes in place to ensure the pears are free of pests regulated by Canada.

A minimum of 2% of the packed fruit cartons must be inspected by the Belgian NPPO in order to certify fruit for export to Canada.

The phytosanitary certificate must include the following additional declaration: "This shipment has been inspected and found free of all life stages of any pests regulated by Canada."

2.18 Fresh blueberries, lingonberries and huckleberries (Vaccinium spp. and Gaylussacia spp.) from the continental United States

Regulated pest

Rhagoletis mendax, blueberry maggot

Regulated commodities

All Vaccinium spp. and Gaylussacia spp. (blueberry, huckleberry, lingonberry), other than V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccos (cranberry) are regulated for R. mendax.

U.S. States regulated for R. mendax
Requirements for fresh fruit originating from regulated U.S. States
  1. destined to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island

    No requirements related to R. mendax, as these provinces are already considered infested by this pest.

  2. destined to British Columbia

    The province of British Columbia has specific regulations related to R. mendax which must be met. Fruit must be fumigated using methyl bromide (MeBr), as per the schedules specified in the applicable provincial regulations and Treatment schedule 7 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

    Please refer to the provincial regulations for additional information:

    • Provincial Blueberry Maggot Control Regulations in British Columbia (B.C. Reg. 280/90 and B.C. Reg. 112/2014, June 18, 2014)

    A phytosanitary certificate indicating the treatment details is required.

  3. destined to Alberta, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec or Saskatchewan

    One of the following options must be met:

    1. Blueberry Certification Program (BCP)

      The fruit must originate from a grower that has been approved by the United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) as meeting the requirements of the BCP. The BCP is based on: approval of growers; pest monitoring and control procedures targeting R. mendax; fruit grading; fruit sampling; and fruit testing. Blueberries must be commercially packed, graded and shipped in new containers. The consignment must be free from soil, pests, leaves and/or plant debris. Refer to Appendix 3 of D-02-04 and USDA-APHIS for more information on the BCP.

      A Permit to Import is not required. The blueberries may be accompanied by a Movement Certification Label, in lieu of a phytosanitary certificate. The Movement Certification Label must be affixed to the commercial invoice or to the Customs entry invoice and must include the following declaration: "This shipment of fresh blueberry fruit meets the requirements of the Canada/United States Blueberry Certification Program".

      Example of a USDA-APHIS Blueberry Movement Certification Label

      Note: In this sample label, the initials "NJ" at the bottom refer to the state of New Jersey.

      Sample label. Description follows.
      Description for photo – Example of a USDA-APHIS Blueberry Movement Certification Label

      "United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service" appears at the top of the label. At the left is the USDA logo. At the right appears "Serial No. 000001", followed by the text "This shipment of fresh blueberries meets the requirements of the Canada/United States Blueberry Certification Program." At the bottom are the letters "NJ-". "Specimen" is written diagonally across the label.

      or

    2. CFIA-approved treatment

      The fruit must be treated according to Treatment schedule 7 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

      A phytosanitary certificatee indicating the treatment details is required. A Permit to Import is not required.

      or

    3. CFIA-approved processing plant

      The fruit must be destined to a CFIA-approved processing plant in Canada that is authorized to receive fruit from regulated areas. The processing plant must meet the conditions and procedures for handling fruit as specified in directive D-02-04.

      A Permit to Import is required. A phytosanitary certificate is not required.

2.19 Fresh blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) from Peru

A phytosanitary certificate is required.

The blueberries must be commercially produced.

One of the following options must be met:

  1. The blueberries must originate from production sites and packing houses that are registered with the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Peru:

    • traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The NPPO of Peru must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the registered packing house and registered production site
    • an adequate scouting and trapping program by the NPPO of Peru or an approved authority must be implemented to ensure pest freedom in the shipped product
    • Peruvian stakeholders involved in producing, grading, packing and shipping blueberries to Canada must be familiar with Canada's import requirements and have procedures in place to ensure that blueberries from non-registered production sites are not shipped to Canada and that blueberries exported to Canada are free of the pests regulated by Canada. Adequate pest exclusion measures should be implemented to prevent contamination of the blueberries by quarantine pests during the entire process, from harvest to shipping
    • a minimum of 2% of the packed blueberry cartons must be inspected by the Peruvian NPPO
    • a phytosanitary certificate issued by the NPPO of Peru must include the following additional declaration: "This shipment has been inspected and found free of all life stages of any pests regulated by Canada."

    or

  2. The blueberries must be fumigated prior to entering Canada. Treatment details must appear on the phytosanitary certificate issued by the country of origin or the re-export phytosanitary certificate if the treatment is performed in a third country.

2.20 Fresh strawberries (Fragaria spp.) from the Republic of Korea

The strawberry fruit must be commercially produced.

The places of production and the packing houses must be registered by the Republic of Korea's NPPO.

The Republic of Korea's NPPO must provide oversight of pest scouting and trapping programs at each registered place of production. Places of production which do not meet the requirements for pest freedom or low pest prevalence may not export strawberry fruit to Canada for the remainder of the season.

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The Republic of Korea's NPPO must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the registered packing house and registered production farm.

Korean stakeholders involved in producing, grading, packing and shipping strawberries to Canada must know Canada's import requirements. They must have processes in place to ensure that strawberries from non-registered places of production are not shipped to Canada and that exported strawberries were produced in fields that have been monitored and found either free of the pests regulated by Canada or to have a low prevalence of these pests. Adequate pest exclusion measures should be implemented to prevent contamination of the strawberries by quarantine pests, from harvest to shipping.

Pest monitoring, control and exclusion must be effective against the following:

A minimum of 2% of the packed fruit cartons must be visually inspected by the Republic of Korea's NPPO to verify freedom from pests regulated by Canada in order to certify fruit for export.

The phytosanitary certificate issued by the Republic of Korea's NPPO must include the following additional declaration: "The consignment was produced and prepared for export under a CFIA-accepted systems approach for Anthonomus bisignifer, Archips breviplicanus, Archips semistructa, Mamestra brassicae and Scirtothrips dorsalis."

2.21 Fresh grapes (Vitis spp.) from Egypt

The grapes must be commercially produced.

A phytosanitary certificate is required.

Vineyards and packing houses shall be registered by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Egypt to export fresh grapes to Canada.

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The NPPO of Egypt must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the registered packing house and registered production vineyard.

Consignments of grapes intended for export to Canada shall:

  1. Be produced in vineyards employing cultural practices and chemical controls to ensure freedom from the following regulated pests:
    • Monilinia fructigena
    • Phomopsis viticola

    And

  2. Satisfy one of the following options related to Lobesia botrana.
    1. The grapes were produced under a CFIA-accepted systems approach for L. botrana. The phytosanitary certificate shall contain the following additional declaration:

      "The consignment was produced and prepared for export under a CFIA-accepted systems approach for Lobesia botrana and was inspected and found free from Monilinia fructigena and Phomopsis viticola."

      Or

    2. The grapes were treated post-harvest according to Treatment schedule 9 of Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. The treatment details shall be indicated in the appropriate section of the phytosanitary certificate, in addition to the following additional declaration:

      "The consignment was inspected and found free from Monilinia fructigena and Phomopsis viticola."

A minimum of 5% of the packed fruit cartons shall be inspected by the NPPO of Egypt in order to certify the grapes as free from all life stages of regulated pests to Canada, including those mentioned above.

2.22 Fresh apples (Malus spp.) from Germany

Apples must be commercially produced and must conform with the Export Program for German Apples to Canada, which includes the following elements:

Orchards and packing houses must be authorized by Germany's NPPO in order to export apples to Canada.

Orchard surveillance must be conducted to forecast pest pressure and make pest management recommendations, in consultation with Germany's NPPO or designate. Exporting orchards must control pests in accordance with these recommendations.

The pest management program must be adequate to ensure that the exporting orchards maintain low pest prevalence or pest freedom for pests regulated by Canada, and in particular:

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. Plant Health Services must be able to trace any non-compliant shipments back to the packing house and to the producer.

As required, appropriate post-harvest measures should be used to remove any residual mites from the fruit (e.g. the use of air guns).

Fruit must be safeguarded from contamination by pests during storage, packing, loading, and transportation.

Apples must be visually inspected by Germany's NPPO and verified to be free of regulated pests to Canada, practically free of other pests, and free of soil, twigs and plant debris.

A phytosanitary certificate is required and must include the following additional declaration: "This consignment was produced and prepared for export in accordance with the Export Program for German Apples to Canada and has been inspected and found free of Adoxophyes orana, Amphitetranychus viennensis, Cydia pomonella, Grapholita lobarzewskii, Grapholita molesta, Leucoptera malifoliella, Monilinia fructigena and Syndemis musculana."

2.23 Fresh plums (Prunus domestica) from the Republic of Moldova

Plums must be commercially produced.

Orchards and packinghouses shall be registered by the NPPO of Moldova to export fresh plums to Canada.

Traceability must be maintained throughout production, grading, packing and shipping. The NPPO of Moldova must be able to trace any non-compliant shipment back to the registered production orchard and storage facility.

Consignments of plums intended for export to Canada shall be produced in orchards employing cultural practices and chemical controls to ensure low pest prevalence or pest freedom for pests regulated by Canada, and in particular:

A phytosanitary certificate is required. Export certification is based on production under a CFIA-accepted systems approach, as per the bilateral agreement. The following additional declaration must be included on the phytosanitary certificate:

"The consignment was produced and prepared for export under a CFIA-accepted systems approach for Monilinia fructigena, Cydia funebrana, Cydia pomonella, Grapholita molesta, Lobesia botrana and Amphitetranychus viennensis."

A minimum of 2% of packed fruit cartons shall be inspected by the NPPO of Moldova in order to verify that the plums are free from all life stages of regulated pests to Canada, including those mentioned above. Visual inspection will verify freedom from pests, soil, twigs and plant debris.

2.24 Fresh blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) from Morocco

The blueberry fruit must be commercially produced and prepared for export as described in the Blueberry Fruit Export Certification Program from Morocco to Canada, which includes the following the elements:

Production sites and packing houses must be registered by Morocco's NPPO in order to export blueberry fruit to Canada.

Moroccan stakeholders involved in producing, grading, packing and shipping blueberry fruit to Canada must be trained in the recognition of signs and symptoms of infestation by regulated pests.

Registered production sites must implement pest monitoring and control measures to ensure that the fruit is free from regulated pests, and in particular: Lobesia botrana and Grapholita molesta.

Registered packing houses must verify that fruit is free from regulated pests by inspecting fruit at the time of reception and during grading and packing. Appropriate segregation of blueberry fruit must be maintained during storage and packing such that there is no mixing of fruit produced for export to Canada with fruit produced for other markets.

Blueberry fruit must be safeguarded from contamination by quarantine pests during packing, loading and shipping. To ensure traceability, packed fruit cartons must be labelled with a producer lot number and the name of the packing house.

Export certification by Morocco's NPPO shall be based on verification that the blueberry fruit is free from infestation by all life stages of regulated pests to Canada, including Lobesia botrana and Grapholita molesta.

A phytosanitary certificate is required and must include the following additional declaration: « L'envoi a été produit et préparé pour l'exportation selon une approche systémique acceptée par l'ACIA pour Lobesia botrana et Grapholita molesta » or « The consignment was produced and prepared for export under a CFIA-accepted systems approach for Lobesia botrana and Grapholita molesta ».

2.25 Fresh stone fruit other than cherries (Prunus spp. other than P. avium and P. cerasus) from Chile

When destined to the province of British Columbia:

1 of the following options must be met:

1. systems approach

Fruit must be commercially produced under systems approaches targeting Grapholita molesta and Lobesia botrana.

The phytosanitary certificate must include both of the following additional declarations:

Or

2. treatment

Fumigation with methyl bromide as per Treatment Schedule 2 in Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities. The treatment details must be indicated on the phytosanitary certificate.

Appendix 3: Quarantine pests of particular concern for imported temperate fresh fruit and tree nuts

Insects

Mites

Fungi

Appendix 4: Treatment schedules for fresh fruit and tree nuts

This appendix has been replaced by Treatment schedules for horticulture commodities.

Appendix 5: Trial importation periods for fresh fruit

Appendix 5 has been replaced by Trial importation periods for fresh fruits and vegetables.

Appendix 6: Directives superseded by directive D-95-08

Directive number Directive title
Permit Letter 24A Notice To Importers – Plant Protection Requirements: Importation of Fresh Fruit.
D-07-04 Canadian Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Blueberry Fruit (Vaccinium) from Uruguay
D-04-02 Plant Protection (phytosanitary) import requirements for fresh strawberry fruit from South Africa
D-03-13 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Apples (Malus spp.) from Brazil
D-03-11 Plant Protection import requirements for fresh pears Pyrus spp. from Japan
D-03-06 Plant protection (phytosanitary) import requirements for fresh strawberry fruit from Ecuador
D-02-11 Plant protection (phytosanitary) import requirements for fresh strawberry fruit from Chile
D-02-07 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Apples (Malus spp.) from the People's Republic of China
D-01-10 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Apples (Malus spp.) from the United Kingdom
D-01-09 Canadian Plant Protection import requirements for fresh strawberry fruit (Fragaria) from Argentina
D-01-08 Canadian Plant Protection import requirements for fresh blueberry fruit (Vaccinium) from Argentina
D-00-06 Plant protection (phytosanitary) import requirements for fresh grapes from Peru
D-00-01 Plant Protection (Phytosanitary) Import Requirements for Fresh Cherries from Spain
D-98-05 Plant protection import requirements for untreated fresh grapes from Australia
D-98-03 Plant Protection (phytosanitary) import requirements for fresh Asian pears from the Republic of Korea
D-96-22 Plant Protection Import Requirements for fresh strawberries from Gaza
D-96-17 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Grapes from Lebanon
D-96-16 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Grapes from Uruguay
D-96-06 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Blueberries from Chile
D-95-27 Plant protection import requirements for Rubus fruits from Mexico (blackberries and raspberries)
D-95-25 Plant Protection Import Requirements for fresh Fuji Apples from Japan
D-95-23 Plant Protection import requirements for Fresh apples from the Republic of Korea
D-95-20 Phytosanitary Requirements for the importation of fresh grapes from Greece
D-95-19 Plant Protection import requirements for phytosanitary requirements for the blueberry fruit from Australia
D-94-37 Plant Protection Import Requirements for Prunus Fruit from South Africa
D-94-36 Plant Protection Import Requirements for pears from the Netherlands
D-94-32 Interim Policy for Plant Protection Import Requirements for Fresh Pears from the People's Republic of China
D-94-21 Plant Protection Import Requirements for grapes from Japan
D-94-19 Trial Importation of Apple fruit from Uruguay
D-94-15 Importation of fresh fruit of strawberry from Colombia and Blackberry from Costa Rica and Guatemala
D-94-05 Trial Importation of apple fruit from the Netherlands
D-83-31 Importation of Chestnuts for Purposes Other than Propagation
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