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Safeguarding with Science:
Glyphosate Testing in 2015-2016

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CFIA – Science Branch Survey Report
Food Safety Science Directorate
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
1400 Merivale Road
Ottawa, Ontario Canada
K1A 0Y9

Introduction

Chemical hazards may occur in foods either from their deliberate use in food production (e.g. veterinary drugs, pesticides, food additives) or by accidental contamination from the environment, during processing, or due to the presence of natural toxins. Regardless of the source of the hazard, food producers, manufacturers and importers must ensure their products are safe to eat and compliant with applicable Canadian standards. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA) priority is to protect consumers by safeguarding Canada's food supply. Testing foods for pesticides is one of the tools used by the CFIA to detect food safety risks and ensure that the food supply is safe.

Glyphosate Testing

Objective and Rationale

Glyphosate is an herbicide that is used to kill weeds and it can also be used to dry grains and legumes before harvesting. Health Canada has approved its use on a variety of crops and has set Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for residues of glyphosate in foods which can be found in their MRL Database. The MRL is the amount of pesticide residue that is expected to remain in or on a food product when a pesticide is used according to the label directions and which will not be a concern to human health.

These testing activities were designed to:

Sample Collection

Testing for Glyphosate residues was added to the CFIA's food surveillance program in 2015. In 2015-2016, 3188 samples of domestic and imported food products were collected and tested for glyphosate residues in three programs:

Limitations

Due to the low number of samples and products analyzed, care must be taken when interpreting these results. Regional differences, impact of product shelf-life, storage conditions, or cost of the commodity on the open market were not examined in this survey.

Samples were tested as sold; no inference can be made on the levels of glyphosate in foods as consumed.

Assessment of Results

When residues of glyphosate were detected in foods, the results were compared to the MRLs set by Health Canada. If the level found in a food sample was higher than the MRL, the information was reviewed and the appropriate follow up was taken, this may have included notifying the manufacturer or importer, requesting corrective action, conducting further directed sampling, or product recall.

Samples were assessed based on the sum of glyphosate and the metabolite amino-methylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to following MRLs:

Results

The overall compliance rate for these surveys, based on Canadian Maximum Residue Limits (MRL), was 98.7 %. No samples of fruits and vegetables, soy products, or infant foods were found to contain residues exceeding Canadian limits. Most samples found with levels of residues exceeding Canadian limits were predominantly associated with grain products.

The following table summarizes the results of glyphosate testing completed by the CFIA in 2015-2016:

Program Food Type # Samples Tested % Samples with Glyphosate Residues Detected % Samples with Glyphosate Residues above MRLs
National Chemical Residue Monitoring Program Fresh fruits and vegetables 317 7.3% 0%
Processed fruits and vegetables 165 12.1% 0%
Targeted Surveys Grain products 869 36.6% 3.9%
Juice and other beverages 496 16.3% 0.2%
Bean/pea/lentil products 869 47.4% 0.6%
Soy products 263 11.0% 0%
Children's Food Project Infant cereal 82 31.7% 0%
Infant food 127 30.7% 0%
Total 3,188 29.7% 1.3%

Summary

In 2015-2016, the CFIA tested a total of 3,188 food samples for glyphosate. Glyphosate was found in 29.7% of samples. Glyphosate residues above MRLs were found in only 1.3% of samples. This data was evaluated by Health Canada and no human health concerns were identified.

The charts below show the percentage of samples tested in each program with no glyphosate detected, glyphosate detected below the MRLs, and glyphosate detected above the MRLs.

National Chemical Residue Monitoring Program

Pie Chart: National Chemical Residue Monitoring Program. Description follows.
Description for Pie Chart – National Chemical Residue Monitoring Program
Below MRLs Not detected
9% 91%

Targeted Surveys

Pie Chart: Targeted Surveys. Description follows.
Description for Pie Chart – Targeted Surveys
Below MRLs Above MRLs Not detected
32% 2% 66%

Children's Food Project

Pie Chart: Children's Food Project. Description follows.
Description for Pie Chart – Children's Food Project
Below MRLs Not detected
31% 69%
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