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RMD-13-04: Consolidated Pest Risk Management Document for pest plants regulated by Canada
Appendix 12C: Assessment of Measures for Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort)

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Field Crops Not Intended for Propagation

Previous imports

Import data for cereal grains originating from countries where Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) is present

Value in Canadian Dollars ($)

Product 1: HS 1001 – Wheat
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Argentina00250,050
Netherlands001,765
United Kingdom (U.K.)457 27,372212
Germany483 4,38390
Denmark, Italy, South Africa, France46 330231
Subtotal:98632,085252,348
Product 2: HS 100200 – Rye
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Germany092,050,723
Poland183640
Subtotal:183732,050,723
Product 3: HS 100300 – Barley
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Switzerland001,118
United Kingdom1,3761439
Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Italy7041,095928
Subtotal:2,0801,2382,055
Product 4: HS 100400 – Oats
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, South Africa161412332
United Kingdom9,84224149
Subtotal:10,003436481
Product 5: HS 100590 - Maize (excluding sweet corn)
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Argentina2,98296,5192,562
Netherlands, U.K., Poland, Finland, South Africa41912234
Spain022,1560
France46,00000
Subtotal:49,401118,6872,796
Product 6: HS 1008 - Buckwheat, millet, canary seed; other unmilled cereals
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Switzerland18,739289,206291,267
Netherlands40,728320,144227,418
Poland11,37020,13349,375
South Africa0024,311
France64,27931,24223,686
Italy7,11615,7606,877
United Kingdom7815,5025,253
Germany2,85819,22052
Spain, Argentina, Hungary4751,2270
Austria47,22100
Finland3,70600
Subtotal:197,273702,434628,239
Totals of Products 1 to 6
All Exporting Countries 2006 2007 2008
Total:259,761855,2532,936,642

Quantity (metric tonnes, TNE)

Product 1: HS 1001 – Wheat
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Argentina00320
Netherlands004
United Kingdom (U.K.)0170
Germany030
Denmark, Italy, South Africa, France0 00
Subtotal:020324
Product 2: HS 100200 – Rye
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Germany004,015
Poland030
Subtotal:034,015
Product 3: HS 100300 – Barley
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Switzerland001
United Kingdom700
Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Italy103
Subtotal:804
Product 4: HS 100400 – Oats
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, South Africa122
United Kingdom2010
Subtotal:2132
Product 5: HS 100590 - Maize (excluding sweet corn)
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Argentina42329119
Netherlands, U.K., Poland, Finland, South Africa20144
Spain01190
France3,87889365
Subtotal:3,922537628
Product 6: HS 1008 - Buckwheat, millet, canary seed; other unmilled cereals
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Switzerland3,78869,33057,456
Netherlands21,248221,320141,553
Poland6,0668,17615,984
South Africa0021,500
France17,3518,6046,460
Italy2,3294,5953,149
United Kingdom4875584,668
Germany1,07025,53731
Spain, Argentina, Hungary364870
Austria63,17000
Finland2200
Subtotal:115,895338,207250,801
Totals of Products 1 to 6
All Exporting Countries 2006 2007 2008
Total:119,846338,770255,774

Note: Countries with an export value of less than $1,000 per year are grouped together and a summed value for all countries is shown.

Potential risk mitigation measures

Regulate Senecio inaequidens as a quarantine pest under the Plant Protection Act and add this species to the List of Pests Regulated by Canada (CFIA 2009) in order to:

Regulatory actions under the Plant Protection Act could include one or more of the following:

Note: End uses impact risk and may therefore impact required risk mitigation measures. Regulatory measures may be waived for those commodities that have been treated or processed such that the risk of introduction of Senecio inaequidens has been reduced to an acceptable level.

All risk mitigation measures for field crop commodities containing Senecio inaequidens must be taken with consideration for requirements/measures for pests other than plants (e.g.. pathogens and insects).

Trade implications

Cost-effectiveness and Feasibility

Hay and Straw

Previous imports

Import data for hay and straw originating from countries where Senecio inaequidens is present

Value in Canadian Dollars ($)


Product 1: HS 121300 - Cereal straw and husks, unprepared
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Germany3,0792,4533,013
United Kingdom2,5188,773408
Subtotal: 5,59711,2263,421
Product 2: HS 121490 – Swedes, mangolds, fodder roots, hay, clover, sainfoin, forage kale
Exporting Country 2006 2007 2008
Germany603,0000
France1920140
Subtotal:795,0140
Totals of both Products
All Exporting Countries 2006 2007 2008
Total: $ 5,676$ 16,240 $ 3,421

Source: Industry Canada 2009

Potential risk mitigation measures

Regulate Senecio inaequidens under the Plant Protection Act as a quarantine pest by placing it on the List of Pests Regulated by Canada in order to:

Regulatory actions under the Plant Protection Act could include one or more of the following:

Trade implications

Cost-effectiveness and Feasibility

Livestock

Previous imports

Potential risk mitigation measures

No mitigation measures are required due to the low number of animals entering Canada that could act as an introduction pathway for Senecio inaequidens.

Previous imports

Potential risk mitigation measures

No measure is required:

Vehicles and Used Farm Machinery

Previous imports

Potential Risk mitigation measures

Enforcement of the Directive 95-26: "Phytosanitary requirements for soil and related matter, alone or in association with plants" (CFIA 2008).

Nursery Stock with Soil

Plants imported from off-continent sources must be free of soil as specified in directive D-02-02: Plant Protection Import Requirements for Rooted, or Unrooted Plants, Plant Parts, and Tissue Cultured Plants for Propagation (CFIA 2006). Soil can be imported with plants from the continental U.S., but since Senecio inaequidens is not present in that country, it is not likely to be introduced to Canada through nursery stock with soil; therefore, no mitigation measures are required.

Travelers and Their Effects

Previous imports

Risk mitigation measures

Increase public awareness of the regulation and the risk posed by Senecio inaequidens and distribute awareness material at border crossings to the public. It is difficult to target travelers for one particular species that could be unintentionally imported. Thus, a general information and awareness campaign about the risks associated with several species may be the best option. While not considered effective by itself if the risk is high, increased public awareness is a viable action if the level of risk is low.

Trade implications

None anticipated.

Cost-effectiveness and Feasibility

Packaging Material

Previous Imports

Risk Mitigation Measures

Trade Implications

No additional trade implications since countries that do not comply with the requirements set out in D-98-08 may have goods refused at the Canadian border.

Cost-effectiveness and Feasibility

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