Appendix B: Cattle vertebral column

The left figure represents the dorsal view of a bovine dura mater enclosed spinal cord.

Are identified:
Number 1 is the wing of the first cervical vertebra.
Number 2 is the eighth cervical spinal nerve exiting through the intervertebral foramen.
Number 3 is the fourth thoracic spinal nerve exiting through the lateral vertebral foramen.
Number 4 is the tenth thoracic rib.

The right figure represents the bovine caudal thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal dura mater enclosed spinal cord. The sacrum is identified.

Are identified:
Number 1 is the thirteenth thoracic spinal nerve.
Number 2 is the transverse process of a third lumbar vertebra.
Number 3 is the sixth lumbar spinal nerve.
Number 4 is the fifth sacral spinal nerve.
Number 5 is the second caudal (coccygeal) vertebra.

This figure represents a frontal view of a bovine lumbar vertebra. The body, transverse process, dorsal root ganglia and spinous (dorsal) process are identified.

This figure represents a frontal view of a bovine cervical vertebra. The body, transverse process, dorsal root ganglia and spinous (dorsal) process are identified.

This figure represents the ventral view of the sacrum of a bovine. Four arrows indicate the location of the dorsal root ganglia. The left and right wings of the bovine sacrum are identified.

This figure represents a dorsal view of the sacrum of a bovine. No structures are identified on this figure.